June 3rd, 2013 (InsideCostaRica.com) The influx of dollars into the Costa Rican economy has made difficult the Central Bank’s ability to control the exchange rate under the current “band” system. Now, calls are being made for Costa Rica to dollarize its economy.
The economist and president of the Institute for Enterprise Development and Social Action, Luis Loria, proposes that Costa Rica should take advantage of the situation and follow the path of full dollarization.
Dollarization refers to a country abandoning its own currency and replacing it fully with the U.S. Dollar, as in Panama. Loria says that such a move makes sense for Costa Rica.
To accomplish this, Loria said that Costa Rica would have two tasks to accomplish: approve the bill known as “Monetary Responsibility, Financial Integration, and Dollarization,” and to replace all of the outstanding colones with dollars using an agreed upon conversion rate (¢ 500 to $1, for example).
The economist says that the process could be completed without the need to borrow dollars, thanks to the large amount of reserves held by the Central Bank – some $7.9 billion.
Loria said that if dollarization were to occur, people would have better access to loans in dollars, whose interest rates are almost half of those in colones, which would make many projects feasible that today are not, due to the high interest rates on colones.
However, The president of the Central Bank, Rodrigo Bolaños proposes a different path: “colonization.”
Colonization would reduce the relative importance of the dollar, and Bolaños believes that the high level of dollarization currently in the economy poses risks, such as exchange rate vulnerability which affects those earning money in colones but who have loans in dollars, as well as the cost to the country of maintaining high reserves of dollars.
Bolaños believes that a country as small as Costa Rica should not be in a position of not controlling its own monetary policy in order to deal with any shocks in the economy.
Researcher Miguel Gutierrez agrees with Bolaños. “A country without its own currency has no mechanism for dealing with a crisis, it moves with the ups and downs of the dollar and depends on the decisions of others,” he said.